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Lughaya District

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Lughaya District
Degmada Lughaya
District
Lughaya district within Awdal, Somaliland
Lughaya district within Awdal, Somaliland
Country Somaliland
RegionAwdal
CapitalLughaya
Government
 • MayorAbdullahi Ali Aw Nuur[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total
10,421 km2 (4,024 sq mi)
Population
 (2024)[2]
 • Total
182,706
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)

Lughaya District (Somali: Degmada Lughaya) is a district of the Awdal region in Somaliland.[3] As of 2005, the Lughaya District had an estimated population of 36,104 residents.[4]

As of 2007, Lughaya District's administrative division in Somaliland is C. (A being the highest and D being the lowest.)[5]

Although it is an old port town, no large port is suitable for overseas trade.[6]

Demographics

[edit]

The broader Lughaya District has a total population of 100,104 residents.[7] The district is mainly inhabited by the Mahad 'Ase subclan of the Gadabuursi Dir clan who make up the predominant clan of the district,[8][9] dominating local government representation and having always occupied the seat of the mayor.[10][11][12]

Malte Sommerlatte (2000) states:

"In the centre of the study area are the Gadabursi, who extend from the coastal plains around Lughaye, through the Baki and Borama districts into the Ethiopian highlands west of Jijiga."[13]

In the Ruin and Renewal: The story of Somaliland (2004), the author states:

"So too is the boundary of Lughaya district whose predominant (if not exclusive) inhabitants are today Gadabursi."[14]

The FSAU Monthly Food Security Report March (2003) states that the Gadabuursi clan are the main local inhabitants of the Lughaya District whilst Issa pastoralists migrate to the region seasonally from Ethiopia:

"Following discussions with the Issa (from Ethiopia) and Gadabursi (local inhabitants) livestock owners and local leaders in Gerissa, Xariradd, Jidhi, Karuure, Ceel Gal, Zeyla, Lughaye, Kalalwe and Osooli."[15]

There is also a sizeable minority of the Issa subclan of the Dir who mainly inhabit the Zeila District.[16]

History

[edit]

In 1885, Frank Linsly James describes Captain Stewart King's visit to the famous Eilo Mountain in the Gadabuursi country in the Lughaya District where the Gadabuursi natives informed him of the remains of ancient cities:

"The natives had told him that in the hill called Ailo about three days' march south-east from Zeila, there were remains of ancient cities, and substantially built houses... He hoped to be able to visit them. The whole country south-east of Zeila, inhabited by the Gadabursi tribe, had never yet been explored by a European. There was also in the hill Ailo a celebrated cave, which had been described to him as having a small entrance about three feet from the ground in the face of the limestone cliff. He had spoken to two or three men who had been inside it. They stated that they climbed up and entered with difficulty through the small opening; they then went down some steps and found themselves in an immense cave with a stream of water running through it, but pitch dark. A story was told of a Somali who once went into the cave and lost his way. In order to guide him out the people lighted fires outside, and he came out and told most extraordinary tales, stating that he found a race of men there who never left the cave, but had flocks and herds."[17]

In 1886 the British General and Assistant Political Resident at Zeila, J. S. King, travelling by the coastal strip near Khor Kulangarit, near Laan Cawaale in the Lughaya District, passed by the famous tomb of 'Sharmarke of the White Shield', a famous Gadabuursi leader, poet, elder and grandfather of the current Sultan of the Bahabar Musa, Abshir Du'ale who was inaugurated in 2011 in the town of Lughaya:

"Shortly after passing the bed of the large river, called Barregid we halted for half an hour at a place where there were several large hollows like dried-up lakes, but I was informed that the rain-water does not remain in them any time. Close by, on a piece of rising ground, was a small cemetery enclosed by a circular fence of cut bushes. Most conspicuous among the graves was that of Sharmãrké, Gãshân 'Ada (Sharmãrké of the White Shield), a celebrated elder of the Bah Habr Músa section of the Gadabúrsi, who died about 20 years ago. The grave was surrounded by slabs of beautiful lithographic limestone brought from Eilo, and covered with sea shells brought from the coast, distant at least 10 miles."[18]

In 1887, French poet and traveller, Arthur Rimbaud, visited the coastal plains of British Somaliland where he described the region between Zeila and Bulhar as part of the Gadabuursi country, with the clan centred around Sabawanaag in present day Lughaya District:

“Zeila, Berbera, and Bulhar remain in English hands, as well as the Bay of Samawanak, along the Gadiboursi coast, between Zeila and Bulhar, the place where the last French consular agent in Zeila, M. Henry, had planted the tricolor, the Gadiboursi tribe themselves having requested our protection, which is always enjoyed. All these stories of annexation or protection have been stirring up the minds along this coast these last two years.”[19]

In 1937, there was a famous clan conflict between the Bahabar Musa and Abrain, both subclans of the Gadabuursi that took place in the Lughaya coastal plains all the way to Kabri Bahr.[20]

According to a book published in England in 1951, the Mamasan and Yunis Musa branches of the Issa clan are using Lughaya as a home well.[21]: 160  The Forlabbe branche of the Issa clan[21]: 167  and the Yunis Nuh branche of the Habr Awal clan[21]: 167  also use the land for grazing. However, the authors of the book state that comparatively little is known by the writer of the area.[21]: 167 

In November 1989, a camp was established in Aysha, Ethiopia to receive refugees, mainly from the Issa clan, from Zeila and Lughaya. [22]

In 2005, Egyptian fishing companies swarmed into Somaliland waters, fishing off Zeila, Lughaya, and Eil-Sheikh coasts. [23]

In June 2009, Somaliland security forces banned trucks from heading to Bullo-caddo, citing the port between Lughaya and Zeila districts as being used for smuggling. [24]

As of October 2009, a conflict between the Reer Nuur and Reer Hared clans was reported in the Gabiley District. Both sides are armed, and it is said that there are two routes by which weapons are smuggled into Somaliland: from Bosaso to eastern Somaliland and from between Zaila and Lughaya. [25]

In September 2010, an estimated 250 armed men, believed to have been trained in Eritrea, invaded the western coast between Lughaya and Zeila. As of press time, Somaliland and Ethiopian forces were already jointly surrounding the group. [26]

In May 2011, Hassan Ibrahim Kaain, deputy governor of the Lughaya district, accused the governor and elders of opposing the movement to block Somaliland independence, which is occurring in the Lughaya district. [27]

In November 2012, a soldier accompanying a ballot box carrier opened fire on the assembled crowd, killing one person. [28]

In February 2013, seven local councilors from Zeila and three from Lughaya resigned due to irregularities in the local council elections. [29] All of these legislators are from the Issa clan community. [30]

In January 2014, the ARDAA association in the Awdal region held a press conference at its office in Borama, calling on people to help construct the Lughaya port and other projects. [31]

In August 2014, a meeting occurred between President Silanyo and the traditional chiefs of the Awdal region. The meeting was closed to the public, but tribal prejudice and cronyism in the Zaila and Lughaya districts were cited as one of the issues that needed to be resolved. [32]

In January 2015, the Gadabuursi clan met in the Lughaya district and resolved, among other things, to encourage the construction of a port in the Lughaya district. [33]

In February 2016, Mayor Abdillaahi Cali Aw Nuur Dixood arrested Suldaan Mawliid Cali Sabayse for allegedly taking voter registration cards. [34]

Reports from 2016 suggest that immigration facilities are also located in Hees, Shalaaw, Eil Daraad, Lughaya, Bulahaar, and Zeila on the Somaliland coast but are run by clan-selected control officers and are not under the complete control of the Somaliland government. [35]

In August 2016, the Somaliland Ministry of Interior stated that the jurisdiction of voting in the Lughaya district would be under the jurisdiction of Hargeisa instead of the Awdal region. In response, disputes arose in six locations in the Lughaya district, and registration for voting was suspended. [36]

In August 2017, several vessels carrying illegal migrants came and went between Somaliland and Yemen. The ports of Berbera and Lughaya were used on the Somaliland side, and Al Hudaydah and Mokha were used on the Yemeni side. [37]

In August 2020, the Somaliland Defense Minister was attacked by armed groups in Abdi Gedi, Lughaya district. [38]

In October 2023, the Gadabuursi and Issa clans of Lughaya district were reconciled.[39]

On January 1, 2024, Ethiopia and Somaliland exchanged a memorandum that lent 20 km of Somaliland's coast to Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Prime Minister did not reveal the memo's details but did mention the use of the port of Berbera and the possibility of Lughaya. [40] A demonstration against this was held in Lughaya. [41]

On February 7, 2024, the Bahabar Musa of the Gadabuursi held a clan conference named Talo Wadaag in Ido Cadays, Lughaya district. The conference lasted for almost the entire month to discuss current affairs regarding the MoU, future development, clan unity, security, the clan, and its areas. The Bahabar Muuse addressed concerns about Lughaya and consensually agreed to reject the MoU with Ethiopia, vowing to defend the land against any provocation.

Natural Disasters and Relief

[edit]

In January 2008, rain and cold weather killed more than 7,000 sheep in the coastal areas of Lughaya and Zeila District.[42]

In September 2011, a drought occurred in the Lughaya district, and 300 families were evacuated to Gargaara village in the northern Awdal region.[43]

In June 2012, drought and water shortages occurred in coastal areas such as Zaila, Lughaya, and Bulhar.[44]

In January 2014, locust damage was widespread in northwestern Somaliland from Bulhar, Lughaya, to Zaila.[45]

In Lughaya district, the drought at the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016 resulted in high malnutrition rates.[46]

In January 2018, a state of emergency was declared in Lughaya district due to drought.[47]

Flooding was caused by Cyclone Sagar in the Lughaya district in May 2018. Together with the neighboring Baki District, 15 people died.[48] In March 2019, the Somaliland government donated 2,400 head of livestock to victims in the Lughaya district.[49]

In November 2020, locusts hit the Lughaya district but was supported by a project funded by the Somali Development Fund.[50]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sarman, J (2018). UNICEF support reaches families affected by Cyclone Sagar.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b "Maxaan ka naqaannaa deegaanka Lughaya ee la sheegay in dhul badeed ku yalla la siiyay Itoobiya" [What do we know about the area of Lughaya which is said to be a land on the sea that was given to Ethiopia]. BBC. 2024-01-08. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
  3. ^ Districts of Somaliland, Statoids
  4. ^ "Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)" (PDF). UNDP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-04. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  5. ^ "XEERKA ISMAAMULKA GOBOLLADA IYO DEGMOOYINKA JSL. ( XEER LR. 23/2002 )" [PROVINCIAL AND DISTRICT GOVERNMENT ACT JSL. (LAW LR. 23/2002)] (PDF). JAMHUURIYADA SOMALILAND GOLAHA WAKIILADA. 2002. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  6. ^ RDGE/PICU DEPARTMENTS (2023). "NAGAD – LOYADA/ LOWYADDO-BORAMA ROAD PHASE 1 UPGRADING PROJECT" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  7. ^ "Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)" (PDF). UNDP. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  8. ^ Ambroso, Guido (August 2002). Pastoral society and transnational refugees: population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia. UNHCR Brussels. Chart showing the Gadabursi inhabiting the Lughaya district
  9. ^ "RUIN AND RENEWAL: THE STORY OF SOMALILAND" (HTM). 2004. So too is the boundary of Lughaya district whose predominant (if not exclusive) inhabitants are today Gadabursi.
  10. ^ Interface (2015). PILLARS OF PEACE Confronting the Future of Somaliland's Democracy: Lessons from a Decade of Multi-Partyism and the Way Forward (PDF).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "NEC Starts to release Provisional Results of 5 electoral districts". Somaliland Standard. 2 June 2021. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  12. ^ Sarman, J (2018). UNICEF support reaches families affected by Cyclone Sagar.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "An Ecological Assessment of the Coastal Plains of North-Western Somalia (Somaliland)" (PDF). 2000. p. 11. In the centre of the study area are the Gadabursi, who extend from the coastal plains around Lughaye, through the Baki and Borama districts into the Ethiopian highlands west of Jijiga.
  14. ^ "RUIN AND RENEWAL: THE STORY OF SOMALILAND" (HTM). 2004. So too is the boundary of Lughaya district whose predominant (if not exclusive) inhabitants are today Gadabursi.
  15. ^ An FSAU Awdal Situation Analysis focusing on Livestock in the Region (PDF). 2003. p. 6. Retrieved 2020-02-03. Following discussions with the Issa (from Ethiopia) and Gadabursi (local inhabitants) livestock owners and local leaders in Gerissa, Xariradd, Jidhi, Karuure, Ceel Gal, Zeyla, Lughaye, Kalalwe and Osooli.
  16. ^ Ambroso, Guido (August 2002). Pastoral society and transnational refugees: population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia. UNHCR Brussels.
  17. ^ "A Journey Through the Somali Country to the Webbe Shebeyli (1885)". p. 645. The natives had told him that in the hill called Ailo about three days' march south-east from Zeila, there were remains of ancient cities, and substantially built houses... He hoped to be able to visit them. The whole country south-east of Zeila, inhabited by the Gadabursi tribe, had never yet been explored by a European. There was also in the hill Ailo a celebrated cave, which had been described to him as having a small entrance about three feet from the ground in the face of the limestone cliff. He had spoken to two or three men who had been inside it. They stated that they climbed up and entered with difficulty through the small opening; they then went down some steps and found themselves in an immense cave with a stream of water running through it, but pitch dark. A story was told of a Somali who once went into the cave and lost his way. In order to guide him out the people lighted fires outside, and he came out and told most extraordinary tales, stating that he found a race of men there who never left the cave, but had flocks and herds.
  18. ^ "Account of a Trip to Mount Eilo: on the Northern Frontier of the Gadabursi Country - with a sketch map showing the routes". p. 8. Shortly after passing the bed of the large river, called Barregid we halted for half an hour at a place where there were several large hollows like dried-up lakes, but I was informed that the rain-water does not remain in them any time. Close by, on a piece of rising ground, was a small cemetery enclosed by a circular fence of cut bushes. Most conspicuous among the graves was that of Sharmãrké, Gãshân 'Ada (Sharmãrké of the White Shield), a celebrated elder of the Bah Habr Músa section of the Gadabúrsi, who died about 20 years ago. The grave was surrounded by slabs of beautiful lithographic limestone brought from Eilo, and covered with sea shells brought from the coast, distant at least 10 miles.
  19. ^ "From Absinthe to Abyssinia selected miscellaneous, obscure and previously untranslated works of Jean-Nicolas-Arthur Rimbaud (2002)". p. 98. Zeila, Berbera, and Bulhar remain in English hands, as well as the Bay of Samawanak, along the Gadiboursi coast, between Zeila and Bulhar, the place where the last French consular agent in Zeila, M. Henry, had planted the tricolor, the Gadiboursi tribe themselves having requested our protection, which is always enjoyed. All these stories of annexation or protection have been stirring up the minds along this coast these last two years.
  20. ^ "Colonial Reports--annual (1939) Somaliland". p. 31. Early in the year a fight took place at Kabri Bahr between the Gadabursi, Abrain and the Gadabursi, ba Habr Musa. A full enquiry was held by the Assistant District Officer, Zeilah, who decided that the responsibility rested mainly with the Abrain. The case is now completely settled.
  21. ^ a b c d John Anthony Hunt (1951). "A general survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950". Retrieved 2021-09-25.
  22. ^ "Welcome Home To Nothing: Refugees Repatriate To A Forgotten Somaliland". saxafimedia.com. 2001-12-26. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
  23. ^ "Somaliland Gov't Paid $380,000 Above Actual Price for Procurement of TV Station". Haatuf News. 2005-08-20. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  24. ^ "Ganacsatada Iyo Gaadiidleyda Ka Shaqaysata Xeebaha Galbeed OoLooga Digey Inay Tagaan Dekeda Macmalka Ah Bullo-Caddo" [Traders and transporters working on the West Coast have been warned against going to the artificial port of Bullo-Addo.]. Haatuf News. 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  25. ^ "Somalia: Rival clans "re-arming" over Somaliland farm". refworld. 2009-10-16. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  26. ^ "Taliyeyaasha Mileteriga Iyo Bileyska Oo Soo Bandhigay Hub Iyo Dhukumanti Ay Ka Qabteen Ciidan Lagu Qiyaasay 250 Nin Oo Tababar Ku Soo Qaatay Eriteria, Kuna Hareeraysan Yihiin Ciidamada Somaliland Iyo Itoobiya" [The military and police commanders presented the weapons and documents they seized from an estimated 250 men trained in Eritrea, surrounded by Somaliland and Ethiopian forces.]. Haatuf News. 2010-09-14. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  27. ^ "Maayar Ku Xigeenka Lughaya Oo Daboolka Ka Qaaday Qorsheyaal Lagu Minjo Xaabinayo Qaranimada S/Land Oo Laga Wado Deegaankaasi" [Lughaya Deputy Mayor Reveals Plans To Block S/Land Sovereignty In The Area]. Haatuf News. 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  28. ^ "Khasaare ka Dhashay Rasaas lagu Furay Dad kusoo Xoomay Sanduuq Codbixin ah oo la Geeyay Degmada Lughaye" [Losses caused by gunshots fired at people at the polling booths in Lughaye District]. Hiiraan online. 2012-11-27. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  29. ^ "Xildhibaanno Iska Casilay Saylac iyo Lughaya" [Resigned MPs Saylac and Lughaya]. VOAsomali. 2013-02-25. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  30. ^ "Xildhibaanadii Golaha Deegaanada Ee Beesha Ciise Oo Ku Dhawaaqay Inay Dhamaantood Is Casileen" [The members of the local assembly of Jesus community announced that they have all resigned]. Geeska.net. 2013-02-26. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  31. ^ "Ururka ARDAA oo Dadweynaha gobolka Awdal ugu bishaareeyay billaabidda Dhismaha Wajigii hore ee Dekedda Lughaya" [ARDAA announced to the people of Awdal region that the construction of the first phase of Lughaya Port]. Hiiraan online. 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  32. ^ "Duqeyda iyo Salaadiinta Gobolka Awdal Oo Madexweyne Siilaanyo Hordhigay Qodobo Adag iyo Wasiirka Maaliyada Oo Ay Kaga Cowdeen Eex iyo Qabyaalad" [The Awdal region's leaders and leaders presented tough measures to President Silanyo and the Minister of Finance, accusing them of bias and tribalism.]. Salaan Media. 2014-08-24. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  33. ^ "10 Qodob Oo Laga Soo Saaray Shirkii U Socday Beelaha Samaroon" [10 points from the conference that went to the Samaritan communities]. geeska.net. 2015-01-27. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  34. ^ "WAA KUWEE MADAXDHAQAMEEDKA MAANTA LA XIDHXIDHEY ? MAXAASE LAGU HAYSTAA?" [WHO ARE THE CONNECTED CULTURES TODAY? WHY KEEP IT?]. Berbera Today. 2016-02-18. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  35. ^ ALICE HILLS (2016). "Off-road policing: communications technology and government authority in Somaliland" (PDF). International Affairs. 92 (5). John Wiley & Sons Ltd: 1061–1078. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  36. ^ "Somaliland: Dadweynaha Degmada Lughaya oo Ka Mudaharaaday Amar ay Soo Saartay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha" [Somaliland: The people of Lughaya district protested against an order issued by the Ministry of Interior]. GOOBJOOG. 2016-10-30. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  37. ^ "YEMEN. Cento morti, gettati in mare dai trafficanti" [YEMEN. One hundred dead, thrown into the sea by traffickers]. NENA news. 2017-08-11. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  38. ^ "Wasiir Ka Tirsan Xukuumadda Somaliland Oo Koox Dablay Ahi Weerar Ku Qaadeen Degmada Lugyaha" [Minister of the Government of Somaliland who attacked Lugyaha District]. odweyne news.com. 2020-08-27. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  39. ^ "Beelaha Gadabuursi Iyo Ciise Ee Lughaya Oo Heshiis Wada noolaansho ah Gaaray" [The Gadabursi and Ise communities in Lughaya reached a coexistence agreement.]. Heemaal News Network. 2023-12-20. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  40. ^ "Somalia yajibu vikali kufuatia makubaliano kati ya Ethiopia na Somaliland" [Somalia responds strongly following the agreement between Ethiopia and Somaliland]. rfi.fr. 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  41. ^ "Daawo: Kacdoon hubeysan oo ka billowday Lughaya kadib damaca Ethiopia" [Watch: Armed rebellion started in Lughaya after Ethiopia's greed]. Caasimada Online. 2024-01-07. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  42. ^ Axmed Saciid Cige (2008-01-21). "Roobab dhibaato geystay" [Rain caused damage]. BBC Somali. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  43. ^ "Qoysaska Ku Soo BarakacayDeegaanka Gargaara Oo Qarka U Saaran In Macaluul Ba'ani Ku Habsato Iyo Xukuumada Siilaanyo Oo Muqdisho Ku Mashquulsan" [The displaced families in Garara are on the brink of severe famine and the Silanyo government is busy in Mogadishu.]. Haatuf News. 2011-09-26. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  44. ^ "Abaaro ka dhacay deegaanno Somaliland" [Drought in Somaliland areas]. BBC Somali. 2012-01-09. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  45. ^ "Ayax ku degay tuulooyin hoos taga Saylac" [Locusts settled in the villages below Saylak]. radio ergo. 2014-01-23. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  46. ^ "Coverage Survey Report of World Vision Nutrition Programs in Lughaya and Gabiley Districts in Somaliland - October – December 2016". reliefweb. 2016-12-31. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  47. ^ "Somaliland oo Lughaya uga dhawaaqday xaalad degdeg ah oo ay sababtay abaarta" [Somaliland declared a state of emergency in Lughaya due to drought]. radio ergo. 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  48. ^ "Cyclone Sagar: At least 15 people killed in Somalia". Al Jazeera. 2018-05-21. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  49. ^ "Xukuumadda oo Deeq Xoolo ah Gaadhsiisay Deegaannada Lughaya" [The government has donated livestock to Lughaya areas]. Wargeyska Dawan. 2019-03-18. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  50. ^ "Lughaya: Xoolo-dhaqato iyo beeralay uu ayax saameeyay oo helay caawimaad dhaqaale" [Lughaya: Herders and farmers affected by locusts who received financial assistance]. radio ergo. 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2024-01-09.

[1] [2]

[edit]
  1. ^ "Beelwaynta Bahabar-Muuse Oo Shir Uga Furmay Deegaanka Lugfhaya".
  2. ^ "Lughaya:-Go'aano Laga soo Saaray Shirka Beelaha Bahabar-meese Oo la soo Gaba-gabeeyay".
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